Wednesday, 4 October 2017

Reading : entrance test

Read the text and complete it with some sentences or expressions from the box (A-P). There are 6 extra sentences that you don’t need. (10 points, 1 point for each correct answer)
HELP YOURSELF
In the last couple of decades, self-help books have been a publishing phenomenon­­­­ ____0____. Readers have lapped up their advice on how to do a wide variety of things,  _____1______. If you’re facing a particular problem in your life, there’s a host of self-help books for you. If you have the idea that you want to improve yourself in some way, there are any number of self-help titles just waiting to advise you. If you want a successful career, no problem – step-by-step guides will tell you exactly what to do. But, ____2_____ there’s a question many people ask: do these books actually do what they claim to? Obviously, as in any field of publishing, some self-help books are better than others. Some may be based on actual research and case studies – there’s some substance to them that suggests they can, ____3_____ be taken seriously. Others, however, amount to little more than psychobabble – empty nonsense dressed up as serious psychological insight. These books bombard the reader with a mass of meaningless jargon, ___4___ beyond the obvious that you would not need to buy a book to know. It’s the latter category that has given self-help books a bad name among critics of the genre.
The kind of advice given in self-help books is often more or less the same. What could be considered pretty standard statements are made in many of them, but does this advice stand up to scrutiny? Psychologists who have studied a range of self-help books connected with happiness say the answer to this is “not always”. They say that although the emphasis the books place on aiming for good relationships with families, friends and colleagues has, in some ways, some scientific basis in terms of what does actually lead to personal happiness; ____5______.
For example, the books commonly tell you that it is good to express your anger; the psychologists say this simply causes you to remain angry. You are often told to try to think happy thoughts when you are sad; the psychologists say that attempting to do this simply emphasizes your unhappiness for you. The books tell you to focus entirely on your aims in life, ___6___; psychologist say you need to focus just as much on the problems you have to overcome in order to reach your goals. The books tell you to keep praising yourself to increase and maintain a high level of self-belief; the psychologists say that actually this doesn’t work because you need praise from other people in order to increase your self-esteem.
Perhaps the key question on self-help books is: do they work? Do people feel they have directly helped them? ____7___, do the people who buy and read them get real results from them? The answer to this question appears to be “sometimes”. Research indicates that the kind of book that deals with a particular problem can be effective in helping people with that problem, ____8_____, for example mild depression or anxiety. The situation is less clear with books dealing with personal growth or development. Some people do say that these books have helped them but it is by no means certain, and hard to measure, ____9______.
What is clear about all self-help books, however, is that they offer people hope. The kind  of advice they give and whether or not this is accurate or effective is probably less important than the fact that they tell the reader that change is possible, that there is hope of a better life, that people can overcome difficulties and improve themselves and their situation. While this may sound like a good thing, ____10____. To get people to buy them, these books often make exaggerated claims about what they will do for people. They can raise unrealistic expectations in the reader, suggesting that a better life can quite easily be achieved, that anyone can get what they want out of life. The truth is of course that changing yourself and your life may be very difficult indeed and require an immense amount of effort, if it is even achievable at all. So self-help books are open to the claim that they present a false picture that can only lead to disappointment in the end.

 0.      CURRENTLY TOPPING THE BEST-SELLING LISTS.
A.    ADDING TO THEIR UNQUESTIONABLE SUCCESS
B.     AT LEAST TO SOME EXTENT
C.    BY ALL MEANS
D.    DESPITE THEIR ENORMOUS SUCCESS
E.     DISGUISING THE FACT THAT THEY HAVE NOTHING TO SAY
F.     ESPECIALLY IF IT IS A REALLY BIG PROBLEM
G.    FROM BECOMING SUCCESSFUL AND RICH TO IMPROVING THEIR RELATIONSHIPS
H.    IN OTHER WAYS, THE ADVICE GIVEN IS ACTUALLY FALSE
I.       IN THE EXPERTS’ VIEW
J.      LOOKING ONLY AT THE DESIRED OUTCOME
K.    PARTICULARLY IF THE PROBLEM IN QUESTION ISN’T A SEVERE ONE
L.     SHOWING YOU ARE GOING TO NEED THEM
M.   THERE IS, HOWEVER, A DOWNSIDE TO IT.
N.    WHATEVER CRITICS MAY SAY
O.    WHETHER THIS IS REALLY THE CASE
P.     WE MUSTN’T FORGET ALL THE ADVANTAGES THESE BOOKS HAVE

Answers : 1G, 2D, 3B, 4E, 5H, 6J, 7N, 8K, 9O, 10M

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